Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States and affects over 54 million adults in the US alone in some form or another. Because arthritis is common among seniors, it is important to understand the symptoms and effects of this disease when caring for them. (arthritis.org)
Basic Facts:
- Arthritis is a basic word used to describe joint pain and joint disease. It can come in many forms. Two of the most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis:
- What is it?
- It occurs when cartilage (the connective tissue that covers the ends of bones at the joints) breaks down. When it breaks down, bones can rub against each other and wear away. This can caused reduced mobility, stiffness, and pain.
- Who is affected?
- Typically, it occurs in older adults and occurs as a part of aging, since cartilage is worn down over time and extensive use.
- How is it prevented?
- Adults should take care to stretch and use their joints safely. This involves bending to lift properly and exercising appropriately. this can reduce/delay osteoarthritis if someone is prone to the condition. (Mayo Clinic)
Rheumatoid Arthritis:
- What is it?
- It is an inflammatory disorder that affects more than just the joints of the body. A wide variety of systems can be damaged including the eyes, skin, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. It is an autoimmune disorder in which the body mistakenly attacks its own tissues, thinking they are a foreign threat. It affects the lining of joints and causes pain and swelling and eventual erosion of bone and deformity of the joint. (Mayo Clinic)
- Who is affected?
- Rheumatoid arthritis can begin at any age but is most common between the ages of 40-60 and affects more women than men. It is more common in smokers, obese individuals, those with a family history of the disease, and individuals exposed to asbestos and silica. (Mayo Clinic)
- How is it prevented?
- Prevention is aimed at decreasing risk factors. Smoking cessation, weight loss, limiting exposure to environmental contaminants, and early detection all can help prevent rheumatoid arthritis and lessen symptoms. (Healthline)
Signs and Symptoms:
- Stiffness in joints
- Stress related to pain
- Decreased joint flexibility
- Noise when joints move
- Swelling around joints
- Pain in the joints during cold weather and after activity
- Seniors who feel “cold in their bones” are often referring to how cold weather can worsen osteoarthritis pain. Support them by helping them stay warm and offer extra help with physical tasks when it is chilly. (Very Well Health)
Supporting Seniors:
There is no cure or reversal of either osteo- or rheumatoid arthritis. Support is aimed at reducing pain and difficulties in both forms of arthritis.
- Medications aimed at pain relief
- Physical therapy to reduce stiffness and improve mobility
- Occupational therapy to offer alternative motions to avoid aggravating affected joints
- Yoga, tai chi, and other gentle exercises can relieve pain and stress
- Medical injections for pain relief
- Surgery to protect bones and replace severely damaged joints. (Mayo Clinic)
(ClearCare Monthly)